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Cleopatra

Queen of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC

For other uses, see Cleopatra (disambiguation).

Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Koinē Greek: Κλεοπάτρα Θεά Φιλοπάτωρ, lit. 'Cleopatra father-loving goddess';^{[note 4]} 70/69 BC – 10 August 30 BC) was Queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC, and the last active Hellenistic pharaoh.^{[note 5]} A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great.^{[note 6]} Her first language was Koine Greek, and she is the only Ptolemaic ruler known to have learned the Egyptian language, among several others.^{[note 7]} After her death, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the Hellenistic period in the Mediterranean, which had begun during the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC).^{[note 8]}

Cleopatra was the daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes, who named her his heir before his death in 51 BC. Cleopatra began her reign alongside her brot

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Cleopatra VII: Scholar, Patron, Queen

Alexander the Great conquered Egypt in 332 BCE, altering the political panorama of the eastern Mediterranean and the ancient Near East for the centuries to come. One of Alexander’s generals, Ptolemy Lagos, identified Egypt as one of the richest areas of Alexander’s empire. He first served as regent for Alexander’s half-brother, Philip, and his son, Alexander IV, but soon took over the throne himself, inaugurating a new dynasty that would endure the next three centuries. All the subsequent kings in the dynasty bore the name Ptolemy after Ptolemy Lagos, distinguishing themselves with different epithets.

As notable as the Ptolemaic kings were the queens of the period. The queen whose memory has persisted as the most notorious character of this period after Alexander himself is Cleopatra VII. The daughter of Ptolemy XII, Cleopatra ruled as the last monarch of the dynasty before Egypt became a province of the Roman empire. The power of Egypt had dwindled from its peak at the beginning of the dynasty by the time Ptolemy XII assumed the t

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Cleopatra was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

The Ptolemaic dynasty’s final ruler was Cleopatra. Cleopatra was not an Egyptian, even if she was born there. She was descended from the Macedonian Greek royal family known as the Ptolemaic dynasty. She was an ancestor of Alexander the Great’s comrade and general Ptolemy I “Soter.”

Cleopatra married two of her brothers.

Ptolemy XIII, Cleopatra’s brother and fellow monarch, was 10 years old when they got married (she was 18). When Ptolemy attempted to remove his sister in 48 BC, she was forced to run off to Syria and Egypt. Cleopatra wed Ptolemy XIV after Ptolemy XIII died after being overthrown by her Roman-Egyptian armies. Ptolemy XIV was 12 and she was 22. Cleopatra ended up living with Caesar privately, and served as his mistress even after they got married.

She was highly intelligent and well-educated, and her beauty was the product of Roman propaganda.

She was very brilliant and well-educated, and Cleopatra is recognized in medieval Arab sources for her work as a mathematician, che